PROJECT DETAILS

Waste is one of the main environmental problems in the Southeast region given the fact that the amount of waste is constantly increasing. The largest quantities of generated waste in the region come as mining waste, packaging waste, absorbents, wipes, filter materials and protective clothing, thermal process waste, construction and demolition debris, agricultural waste, forestry and processing industry, and municipal waste. Municipal and solid waste management is the responsibility of the municipalities. They exercise this competence through public utility companies. The collection, transport and disposal of waste does not cover the entire region, ie. Most of the villages are excluded from this system, which results in the existence and constant creation of illegal landfills. Due to this situation, as well as due to the low awareness and poor economic situation of the rural population, this waste is treated by incineration or dumped in illegal landfills whose number, according to unofficial information, in the region is around 700 landfills. Most of them are located in the immediate vicinity of villages, near riverbeds or agricultural areas and surface waters. The total amount of waste generated for the Southeast region according to the State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia for 2017 is 58,656 tons, and the total collected waste is 43,085 tons. The difference between the generated and collected waste at the regional level is assumed to be the waste that is dumped in the illegal landfills, which is an alarming number and a great danger not only for the region, but for the whole country. Inadequate waste disposal and the large number of non-standard landfills pollute the environment and negatively affect human health through: - Groundwater pollution through infiltration of "discharge" from waste; - Pollution of the surrounding land through infiltration of rainwater; - Pollution of nearby surface waters, through direct discharge of water or contact / exchange with contaminated groundwater; - Air pollution from uncontrolled burning of waste, as well as emission of unpleasant odors; - Causing a greenhouse effect as a result of landfill gas with a high concentration of methane. Uncontrolled dumping of waste is a serious problem for environmental protection and quality of life of the population. According to existing data, inadequate disposal of municipal waste and generation of greenhouse gas emissions - methane, dioxins and furans and heavy metals participate with about 5.5-7.0% in the total greenhouse gas emissions in the country. On a comparative basis, the same is true for the region. Fossil fuel combustion is the largest emitter of CO2 and is thought to have increased by 70% in recent decades. The analysis of the multi-year changes in the average annual temperature shows that in the last 20 years the average annual temperature has been consistently higher than the multi-year average. Analysis of data on extreme weather events has shown that the number of summer days has increased significantly in recent years. Similarly, there has been a significant increase in the number of tropical nights in recent years. From the analysis of cold waves and cold weather it can be concluded that cold waves occur less frequently than heat waves. Although there is a general downward trend in the number of frost days over the course of a year, there is no general change in the number of frost days during the year. For the period between 2025 and 2100, a decrease in precipitation is forecast, in all seasons and annually, and the biggest decrease will be during the summer. In the Municipality of Strumica there are two municipal landfills: 1. Trkajna landfill for inert waste (construction debris) near the river Trkajna with an area of ​​2.38 (ha) 2. Shapkar landfill for sanitary and industrial waste in the village of Dobrashinci with an area of ​​12 (ha). The total quantities that are deposited-discharged daily are 44.25 tons, of which 10.8 tons at the inert waste landfill and 33.45 tons at the Sapkar industrial waste landfill. All generated and collected municipal solid waste from households and industrial facilities is disposed of at the municipal landfill "Shapkar" near the village Dobroshinci. The landfill is located in the municipality of Vasilevo, 15 km from the city of Strumica and leads to an asphalt road. Having in mind all these advantages, this landfill has been selected as a regional landfill in the Southeast region. Besides the municipal waste landfill JPKD "Komunalec" Strumica has another landfill that is used for disposal of inert (construction) waste. The Trkajna landfill is located in the municipality of Strumica, 2.5 km from the city of Strumica and has an area of ​​25,000 m². In the municipality of Strumica, several illegal garbage dumps have been registered, 5 to 15 m3, of which the waste is transported to the landfills Trkajna or Shapkarot by the public enterprise. According to our field visits, the situation is worse, ie there is illegal garbage at almost all exits / entrances of the settlements. According to the analysis, an additional reason for the occurrence of illegal landfills is the inefficient implementation of the legislation for imposing fines by the relevant authorities.